![]() Vital time for resuscitation can be lost by failure to notice life threatening physiologic or metabolic problems. Intraoperative patient support and monitoring - Accepted medical and veterinary surgical practice requires assessment of the physiologic status of the animal on a regular basis. Most animals will be fully mobile within 12 hours after a surgical procedure and the incision line must be able to withstand the twisting, bending, and stretching which will occur! Because physicians normally work with cooperative human patients, they must re-evaluate surgical materials and methods to be used with animals. Type of suture material and pattern to be used will be dictated by the tissue involved and forces applied to those tissues.īehavior of animals also might influence the choices some animals are more prone to chew or remove certain types of suture materials or devices such as surgical staples. Tissues are replaced to their normal anatomic positions with minimal amount of tension by sutures to prevent tissue devitalization. As tissues are returned to their normal positions, dead space needs to be obliterated by careful suture placement to appose tissue and/or placement of drains to prevent fluid accumulation. Dead space can delay healing and serve as a site for bacterial growth and fluid accumulation. Retraction and dissection of tissue can produce pockets known as dead space. For example, vascular forceps are used to occlude blood vessels when flow is to be reestablished hemostatic forceps, which crush, are applied to vessels through which blood will no longer flow.Īccurate tissue apposition enhances healing and promotes rapid return to normal function. Proper use of surgical instruments minimizes trauma. Electrocoagulation can be used for minor hemorrhage large vessels should be ligated. ![]() To avoid excessive tissue damage, only the vessel to be occluded is in contact with the electrode. In using electrocoagulation, a high frequency current is applied to a small area of tissue (the bleeding vessel) and electric energy is converted to heat, resulting in coagulation of tissue and sealing of the vessel. Only the vessel to be occluded should be incorporated in a ligature or clip. Hemostasis is achieved by ligation, pressure, electrocoagulation and avoiding damage to major vessels. Exposed tissue must be protected from drying or contamination.Įffective hemostasis and maintenance of blood supply allows visualization of the surgical field while preserving the total blood volume. Tissues should not be cut or separated without reason and tissue dissection is usually done along fascial planes. Gentle handling of tissues will help minimize postsurgical pain.
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